浅析张集矿立井地面预注浆堵水效果     

王秀河  张学强  姚南山 《安徽地质》1999,(1)

介绍了张集矿立井基岩段水文地质和基岩地面预注浆的有关情况。根据井简实测资料,分析基岩裂隙的发育规律、裂隙层界面的浆波充填情况、实际浆液有效扩散半径及堵水效果。认为：立井基岩地面预注浆,不仅能成功地起到堵水的自的．从而缩短工期、降低造价、提高质量,而且还有利于井筒安全揭穿突出谋层,达到安全施工。  相似文献   

不同施氮量对沙地春小麦株穗性状及产量的影响     

崔建垣  张铜会 《中国沙漠》1999,19(Z1):96-98

在内蒙古奈曼旗对沙地春小麦进行了氮肥施量试验。结果表明,不同施氮量(尿素15.0~51.5g·m^-2)对沙地春小麦穗粒数、千粒重、有效小穗数及其百分率、籽粒产量、生物产量的影响具有显著差异,但对成穗数、株高的影响差异不明显。产量水平以施氮量为37.5g·m^-2时最高。  相似文献   

福建沿海地区水资源紧缺问题及其解决途径   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

林惠花  林其东 《台湾海峡》1998,17(4):402-407

本文针对福建沿海地区存在的水资源紧问题,通过对福沿海地区水资源数量,供需平衡的分析探讨了水资源紧缺问题存在的主要原因,并结合水资源利用的现状特征,进一步深入评述了现状利用中存在的问题,最后从可持续利用水资源的角度出发,重点讨论解决途径。  相似文献   

东、南洞庭湖的径流、泥沙特征及冲淤规律   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  

周乃晟  袁雯  范业正  黄岁梁  王平 《湖泊科学》1992,4(4):29-40

通过实地调查并对1957年以来水文、泥沙观测资料做系统分析和计算,探讨东、南洞庭湖出、入湖水量、沙量的年际和年内变化特征,以及长江下荆江段裁弯对湖区径流和泥沙的影响。提出了湖区泥沙汛淤枯冲的变化规律及水位升降与湖区泥沙冲淤的关系;论证了丰、平、枯年湖区淤积严重,面积日益缩小对径流的调节作用正在减弱。  相似文献   

Reservoir rehabilitation: The new methodological approach of Economic Environmental Defence     

Annamaria De Vincenzo  Antonio Jacopo Molino  Bruno Molino  Vittoria Scorpio 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(2)

This paper proposes a new methodological approach to silted reservoir management and defence, which combines the reservoir rehabilitation process and the utilization of the recovered water volumes and sediments. This approach, strategic from both the economical and environmental points of view, is here defined as Economic Environmental Defence (EED) of a reservoir. The EED approach is applied to the case study of Guardialfiera reservoir, where the available experimental data allowed the estimation of silta-tion up to date, the analysis of the distribution of sediment particle size along the reservoir bottom and the possibility to propose a feasible utilization of water and sediments resulting from the reservoir rehabilitation.  相似文献   

Estimating the sediment trap efficiency of intermittently dry reservoirs: lessons from the Kruger National Park,South Africa          下载免费PDF全文

Bastian Reinwarth  Edward S. Riddell  Christoph Glotzbach  Jussi Baade 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2018,43(2):463-481

The assessment of sediment yield from reservoir siltation requires knowledge of the reservoir's sediment trap efficiency (TE). Widely used approaches for the estimation of the long‐term mean TE rely on the ratio of the reservoir's storage capacity (C) to its catchment size (A) or mean annual inflow (I). These approaches have been developed from a limited number of reservoirs (N ≤ 40), most of them located in temperate climate regions. Their general applicability to reservoirs receiving highly variable runoff such as in semi‐arid areas has been questioned. Here, we examine the effect of ephemeral inflow on the TE of 10 small (≤ 280 × 10³ m³), intermittently dry reservoirs located in the Kruger National Park. Fieldwork was conducted to determine the storage capacity of the reservoir basins. The frequency and magnitude of spillage events was simulated with the daily time step Pitman rainfall–runoff model. Different runoff scenarios were established to cope with uncertainties arising from the lack of runoff records and imperfect input data. Scenarios for the relationship between water and sediment discharge were created based on sediment rating curves. Taking into account uncertainties in hydrological modelling, uncertainties of mean TE estimates, calculated from all scenarios (N = 9), are moderate, ranging from ±6 to ±11% at the 95% confidence level. By comparison, estimating TE from the storage capacity to catchment area (C/A) ratio induces high uncertainty (ranges of 35 to 65%), but this uncertainty can be confined (15 to 33%) when the latter approach is combined with hydrological modelling. Established methods relying on the storage capacity to mean annual inflow (C/I) ratio most probably lead to an overestimation of the TE for the investigated reservoirs. The approach presented here may be used instead to estimate the TE of small, intermittently dry reservoirs in semi‐arid climate regions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

1990—2019年江苏片区入太湖水量变化及原因分析     

胥瑞晨  逄勇  胡祉冰 《湖泊科学》2021,33(3):797-805

为了对江苏片区主要入太湖水量的原因进行定量化分析研究,基于1990-2019年的气象数据、遥感数据以及沿江引水量数据,借助Mann-Kendall趋势检验与突变检验法、Envi5.3以及Pearson系数法分别对近30年入湖水量、建筑用地、降雨量和蒸发量与引江水量进行了突变检验,并以入湖水量为因变量,对各因素间的相关性和贡献度做了量化研究.结果表明,研究区域的入湖水量近30年来上升趋势达到了95%,城市化率、气象条件和沿江引水量都是导致其变化的主要原因,其中人为干扰(城市化率和沿江引水量)与自然影响(气象条件)的贡献度各占50%.未来建议强化海绵城市的建设,合理科学地对沿江水资源进行调度使用,以降低城镇化率上升与外部引水增加带来的影响.  相似文献   

江苏省入太湖污染量分析(1998-2007年)   总被引：14，自引：8，他引：6  

马倩  刘俊杰  高明远 《湖泊科学》2010,22(1):29-34

近年来,太湖水体受到了严重污染,水环境质量逐年下降,太湖水环境的状况直接影响了地区的经济和社会发展,保护太湖已列为国家重点治理项目。本文根据1998-2007年环太湖水文巡测资料及主要入湖河道水质监测成果,分析入湖水量、入湖河道水质、入湖污染物量及其变化趋势,为太湖地区水环境综合整治提供技术支撑和决策依据。  相似文献   

MS2000激光粒度仪测量第四纪沉积物粒度的定量进样研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李华勇  唐倩玉  张虎才  李婷  段立曾 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2020,40(2):200-207

粒度是第四纪古气候与古环境重建的常用替代指标,目前通常采用Mastersizer2000激光粒度仪进行分析,该测试仪器优点是速度快、精度高、重复性好,缺点是进样过程未实现定量化,对部分沉积样品的分析结果出现一定的随机性和不确定性,分析结果易产生人为误差。为探究样品量和进样方法对测试结果可能造成的影响,本研究选取6类代表性第四纪松散沉积物,预处理后分别采用倾倒法、吸管法及定量进样法进行多次重复实验。结果显示:粒度组分越单一,不同进样方法造成的结果误差越小;如果沉积物含有多个粒度组分,而预处理样品量过多,倾倒法容易造成粒度结果偏细,吸管法往往造成实验结果偏粗,定量进样法实验结果居于前两者之间。采用烧失量法计算沉积物中碳酸盐、有机质含量,结合马尔文激光粒度仪测试原理及多次定量重复实验结果,计算了一次实验所需样品量,发现其与中值粒径和碳酸盐、有机质(合称杂质)含量呈线性正相关。根据该线性关系式,在分析第四纪沉积物中值粒径范围及杂质含量的前提下,可计算一次测试所需样品量,将全部预处理后样品倒入测试烧杯中,可有效避免样品量和进样方法对样品粒度实验结果造成的误差。  相似文献   

Optimal lake-marsh pattern determination in lake-marsh systems based on the eco-hydrological processes management     

Wuxia Bi  Baisha Weng  Denghua Yan  Meng Li  Zhilei Yu  Lin Wang  Hao Wang 《水文研究》2020,34(26):5260-5277

The major hydrological factors in lake-marsh systems are water level (depth), water surface area, and water volume. The key index for determining the lake-marsh pattern is water level, which leads to the variation of lake-marsh patterns under natural hydrological alternations. In addition, the vegetation structure also affects the lake-marsh pattern. With socioeconomic development and climate change, the ‘land use’ and ‘water use’ competitions appear more seriously between a lake-marsh system and its surrounding socioeconomic system, also inside the lake-marsh system. The possible optimal lake-marsh pattern could solve the contradictions mentioned above. As few studies focus on this issue, this study proposed an optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method with eco-hydrological management on relieving the land use and water use competitions. The optimal lake-marsh pattern determination method considers the protection objects (water depth demands), water supply (precipitation, surface water, and groundwater), and water demand (especially evapotranspiration) in the system at annual and monthly scales. Calculation and analysis were performed for the optimal pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands as an example. The results mainly showed that the lake-marsh pattern of the Wolonghu Wetlands cannot be achieved on meeting both the maximum ecological services values and minimum water shortage amount under present natural condition. With artificial regulation measures, the possible optimal annual lake-marsh patterns can be obtained based on both ecological and hydrological objectives, with the area ratio of lake and marsh in the range of 0.650:0.350 and 0.726:0.274, the corresponding water level of lake body was of 86.85 to 87.0 m. This study could provide references for the Wolonghu Wetlands management, also for similar lake-marsh systems and other ecological systems.  相似文献